Page 0: Page 1: Interactive scenarios-building ubiquitous computing concepts in the spirit of participatory design Hanna Stromberg / Valtteri Pirttila / Veikko Ikonen 1 / 25 Page 2: Introduction “Coming age of calm technology” – Mark Weiser but, not all technology will/should be calm 1. Applications designed to attract the user‟s attention e.g. games in Virtual Reality 2. Need of control over computerized environment In any case, we need a new approach For design & evaluation 2 / 25 Page 3: Introduction Focusing on Ubiquitous computing = need to understand everything about users New interfaces needed Gesture-/Voice-based interfaces are the most suitable Affective interfaces Technological challenges 3 / 25 Page 4: Introduction VTT‟s efforts Methodological challenge in „early stages‟ Concept definition determines the success Käykse(“Is it OK?”) : VTT‟s internal methodology development project Illustration & Modeling is needed for effective resource allocation 4 / 25 Page 5: Introduction Goal of Käykse project Recognize problems in designing and evaluating intelligent environments Evolve the research frame Design methods for adjusting user needs & technical possibilities Tried to… Increase dialogue between experts and potential users foresee user experience of tomorrow create innovative, inspiring, pleasurable and entertaining UX 5 / 25 Page 6: Participator design and recent novel methods for early concept definition phase 2.1 Participatory design in HCI Early user involvement is generally accepted but… methods vary widely uncertainty of commitment – cost & difficulty Interview & Focus groups are mostly used + new methods adapted from other areas 6 / 25 Page 7: Participator design and recent novel methods for early concept definition phase User-centered design vs. Participatory design Both share many ideas, techniques, methods but, UCD is technology driven, mainly laboratory testing Participatory design suggests more holistic view Ubiquitous computing requires more holistic view Innovative user participation and user-driven innovation session introduced 7 / 25 Page 8: Participator design and recent novel methods for early concept definition phase 2.2 Recent novel methods for early concept definition phase Attempts to renew the role of participants Drama, Props, Role-playing „act out‟ rather then „walk through‟ 8 / 25 Page 9: Participator design and recent novel methods for early concept definition phase Role playing User participation in Role playing game Create use scenario & product concepts mise-en-scene SPES(Situated and participative enactment of scenarios Provide simple mock-up & follow Mock-ups helped envisioning use scenarios 9 / 25 Page 10: Participator design and recent novel methods for early concept definition phase Dynabook project Home visit Scenarios created by users in actual environment Bodystorming Design session in original context Experience prototyping Role-playing use in real user environment Understanding user‟s point of view 10 / 25 Page 11: Participator design and recent novel methods for early concept definition phase Smart Tool project Drama Envisioning future design concept Users invited to workshop Improvisation with real user as actors Attempts to use drama approach to technology development process 11 / 25 Page 12: The interactive scenario 3.1 Starting point Interactive scenario method for potential users‟ participation in early stages Flexible method for utilizing in various projects Role-playing that involve physical participation Improvised acting 12 / 25 Page 13: The interactive scenario Objectives develop the methods further find new ideas discover methodological problems and try to solve Conditions Smart home & Future ski resort case All session video-taped for evaluation of improvisation Observation & Participation Comments on method after session 13 / 25 Page 14: The interactive scenario Three improvisation sessions 1st improvisation actors and the research team for testing/improving method 2nd improvisation actors, research team and the users 3rd research team and users for research team and user act together begin with normal conversation different participants for each session 14 / 25 Page 15: The interactive scenario 3.2 Improvisation acting in design Local improvisation theatre group one of researchers(also group member) direct sessions Keith Johnstone‟s guide Using certain restrictions as guidelines Restrictions include physical/social features or themes/contexts 15 / 25 Page 16: The interactive scenario Three techniques used in 1st/2nd session 1st “piece of paper” improvisation Used for reflecting intends of ubiquitous technology 2nd machine-to-machine acting Acting household appliances and communicate each other 3rd machine-to-human acting Conversation between user and smart home Audiences are allowed to interrupt anytime Interaction & discussion encouraged 16 / 25 Page 17: The interactive scenario 3.3 First session: improvisation actors and the research team 4 experts & 4 improvisation actors Virtual reality laboratory staged as traditional theatre begin without briefing all 3 technique used “piece of paper” technique on two different scenarios couple living in smart home two people in skiing resort with new technology Machine-to-machine communication Audiences are requested to provide roles Businessman & Smart home communication Businessman coming from business trip 17 / 25 Page 18: The interactive scenario 3.4 Second session: improvisation actors, research team and the users basically same with 1st session Potential users as audiences selected according to design-for-all principle 4 users(70, 67, 21, 21 years old) all experience with computer all experience with cell-phone except one “piece of paper” technique on two different scenarios Machine-to-machine communication introducing improvisation acting to audiences Audiences are requested to provide roles regular interruption with “pause” command 18 / 25 Page 19: The interactive scenario 3.5 Third session: research team and users testing possibility of acting without professional actors design team with 3 potential users(roughly 20 years old) participants who worked in former projects Start with light conversation Discussions about ubiquitous computing followed then acted by researchers Lack of enthusiasm on acting but, users took up the intended roles > only physical aspects were lacking 19 / 25 Page 20: Results 4.1 Feedback from the users and experts Experts methods is fresh and open challenge of transcribing materials Researchers Ideas are immediate and helpful to understand users‟ point of view Intuitive and concrete Potential users Appreciated the way of collecting opinions Pointed out the importance of briefing hesitation exists Most participants felt entertaining 20 / 25 Page 21: Results 4.2 Main findings Works best for designing large complex entities Especially useful for.. testing ideas specifying existing scenarios and designing concepts Also works when.. Illustrating ideas, concepts or usage situations Designing everyday life system 21 / 25 Page 22: Results Probably... Useful for professionals to improvising services and applications Not suitable for.. Discussing technical feature Require.. Drama with more specified script of the actions Common discussion for orientation 22 / 25 Page 23: Results Actors Enthusiastic & Independent need to plan other people‟s participation Ideation Analyzing video record is needed Ideation should be critic-free Product developers Familiar with technology can lead session with technological view, wishes, limitations Business partners can also reflect their intends 23 / 25 Page 24: Results Potential end users More effort is needed for comfortable and relaxing atmosphere Actors and audiences composed of potential end users is the best Important to introduce the technique and session Users should know what is expected of them Certain direction will help users get ready Hard to balance give limitation & maintain a free atmosphere at the same time 24 / 25 Page 25: Conclusion Interactive scenario method는 복잡한 시스템의 earlyphase concept definition에 매우 적합 Improvisation과 User acting을 포함 Method는 실행하기 쉽지 않지만 다른 방법으로는 절대 알아낼 수 없는 부분들을 발견할 수 있게 함 Ideas, innovations and problems 모든 참가자들이 즐거운 시간을 가짐 차후 Project에 이 method를 이용하는 것이 좋음 25 / 25 Page 26: