Page 0: Page 1: What is research?  Research is a way of knowing.  Research is the empirical part of science.  Research is a solution to most of our questions.  Research is an unending cycle of searching and finding. Page 2: Why is research of value?  When experts are mistaken, research corrects them.  When colleagues have no experience in the matter, research provides the background.  When one’s own intuition may be irrelevant, research leads to significant information. Page 3: Why man needs research  For sensory experience  In agreement with others  To reason logically  To prove the experts’ opinion  To employ scientific method in finding solutions to his problems Page 4: Characteristics     Feasible Time-bound Investigative Free from bias Page 5: Functions of Educational Research  All educational research is oriented toward one or both of two ends:  the extension of knowledge  solution of a problem  Educational research improves the educational process through:  refinement of knowledge  extension of knowledge Page 6: The Basic Research  Adds more to the existing body of knowledge on the discipline  Provides results that are of supplemental use to solutions to problems Page 7: The Applied Research  provides results that are of practical use  provides immediate solution to a problem  provides general knowledge of the field Page 8: Types of Research Based on Process and Kind of Resulting Data  Qualitative Research  generates theory  searches for patterns  Quantitative Research  tests a theory  narrows down focus to one or few patterns Page 9: The Quantitative Research  has quantifiable results  involves numbers and counting  is focused on a few yet well lined up variables Page 10: The Qualitative Research  does not involve numbers and counting  usually has broader focus  typically involves studying events in all or most of their complexity  involves describing what is observed with little quantification Page 11: General Research Types  Descriptive Studies  generally describes the variable that is being observed  Associational Studies  generally investigates relationships  Intervention Studies  generally employs a method or treatment that influences one or more outcomes Page 12: Research Types Based on Methodology  Experimental Research  Correlation Research  Causal-Comparative Research  Survey Research  Historical Research Page 13: The Experimental Research  most conclusive of scientific methods  establishes different treatments and studies their effects  results lead to the most clear-cut interpretations Page 14: The Correlation Research  determines relationships among two or more variables  helps make more intelligent predictions  seeks to investigate whether one or more relationships of some type exist  requires no manipulation or intervention on the part of the researcher Page 15: The Causal-Comparative Research  determines the cause for or the consequences of difference between groups  has limited interpretations  identifies possible causes of observed variations between groups Page 16: The Survey Research  obtains data to determine specific characteristics of a group  has two-fold difficulties:  clear, not misleading questions  getting sufficient number of completed and returned questionnaire  provides information from quite a large sample of individuals Page 17: What Good Research Questions Should Be  Should be feasible  Should be clear  Should be significant  Should be ethical  Should investigate relationships Page 18: Ethics in Research  Protecting respondents participants from harm  Ensuring confidentiality of research data  Deception Page 19: